General note
The text of the original did not have the various tolls itemized; I have formatted it thus for easier comprehension.

"scavage"
According to Riley, the meaning of scavage derives from the inspection of goods by customs officers; thus it would not so much be a toll as a fee. However, Anglo-Saxon and twelfth-century trade regulations in London make a distinction between goods sold from docked ships, or the adjacent wharf, and those taken to and displayed for sale in the marketplace, where local officials could exercise more supervision over matters of standards and price. This 'shewage' (sceawung in Old English, eschawinge in the twelfth-century text), a toll due the king, may point to the origins of scavage.

"hundredweight"
A medieval hundredweight – 100 lb. (now 112 lb.) – was equivalent to about 45 kg.

"load"
The word here translated "load" was kark, whence our "cargo" and (less commonly used now) "charge"; while those terms are today used in a general sense, they had a more specific use in medieval times – possibly 3 or 4 cwt., as the Liber Albus says at one point – for a kark was given precise definition in the Assize of Weights and Measures.

"alum"
Used in dyeing cloth; it was the most common, easiest to use, and one of the most effective of several metallic salts that could be used to fix the colour a cloth was dyed. Its main source was trade with Italy.

"cumin"
A common spice grown and used in medieval Europe; while it might have been grown in England, supplies were more likely to have come from the Mediterranean.

"almonds"
A very popular element in medieval cookery. Although Palestine was the probable original source for importing them into Europe, the trees came to be cultivated in many European countries.

"brasil"
A wood originating in the East Indies, or an extract therefrom, used for dyeing and in red ink.

"zedoary"
A bitter, aromatic spice originating in the East Indies, with stimulant properties.

"lake"
May perhaps refer to lilac, used by apothecaries. Riley notes that "lak" was used for a fine linen; however, that meaning would seem out of place in this list.

"liquorice"
A sweet root, or the extract therefrom, used by apothecaries; supplies were probably brought from the Mediterranean.

"cubebs"
A plant grown in the East Indies, and probably reached Europe through the Middle East; its fruit was bitter and aromatic, and was used as a pepper.

"vermilion"
Made from cinnabar, which came from the Red Sea; it was purchased through Italian merchants; it was used for dyeing cloth, and for colouring sealing wax.

"sumach"
The leaves, and to some extent the bark, were a source of tannin, for treating leather, while the berries yield a black dye. There are also medicinal uses, but whether these were known during the Middle Ages, I cannot say. Species of the plant were widely distributed throughout Europe, but the likely source at this period was southern Europe.

"cinnamon"
Originated in Asia, but reached Europe through trade with the Middle East.

"frankincense"
A gum from the Middle East, used in incense because of its sweet odour.

"pioine"
The meaning of "pioine" is uncertain; Riley offered various possibilities: prunes; a sweet liquid; seed of the peony; hemp. My inclination is slightly towards peony seeds, which may have been used by apothecaries, or even perhaps as a spice.

"anise"
Used for flavouring both foods and drinks. Native to the eastern Mediterranean, it was also cultivated in Central Europe in the Middle Ages.

"orpiment"
Orpiment (auripigment) was a mineral – an arsenic – used as a yellow dye.

"packs"
The term here translated packs (in regard to cloths, furs etc.) is in the original feez. Riley assumed this was a plural form referring to the tolls, and translated the term as "fixed charge". However, I suspect – in part based also on use of the term in the Norwich list of tolls – that it derives from the Latin fessa, which was a type of measure known to have been applied to furs, and is a singular. Not knowing precisely what the measure was, I have chosen the relatively neutral term "pack" as translation.

"wadmal"
A thick, coarse kind of woollen cloth, made particularly in Iceland and other northern countries.

"mercery"
This covered all dry goods except those that were bulky (e.g. wool, grain). Although mercers originally traded in a variety of goods, the term came – as growth of the number of merchants led to greater specialization – to be restricted at London to merchants dealing in high-quality imported cloths (e.g. silk, linen) and items made from such cloths, such as ribbons, table coverings, bedding, etc. In the provinces mercers were more likely to continue to trade in a wider range of goods and might have overlapped with grocers.

"lorimery"
Leather worked to make harnesses and bridles. Riley thought the reference to a single, specific item, which he hypothesised to be cloth for covering saddles.

"haberdashery"
Small wares made of cloth; Riley, however, thought the reference to a single specific item, suggesting hapertas or hauberget, a cloth whose name might derive from a distinctive weave pattern that resembled the chain-mail of hauberks; hauberget was often a coarse, thick cloth (such as that used for monks' habits), but could be produced in finer varieties too.

"parmentery"
Clothing made out of leather

"shalloons"
Originally produced in Châlons, they were loosely woven, lightweight woollen cloths, often used for lining clothes.

"Rennes"
The original Reynes might also be translated at Rheims, but the city of Rennes, Brittany, had a reputation for fine linen in the Middle Ages.

"dozen"
In relation to some goods (e.g. cloth), "dozen" represented a volume rather than a quantity.

"cordwain" "godelmynges"
Cordwain was a soft, fine-grained leather usually made from sheep or goat skin, tawed with alum; originally produced in Cordoba, Spain, it was particularly used in shoemaking. "Godelmynges" appear to have been the same, except using the skins of young animals; Riley suggested this term derived from Godalming, Surrey.

"basan"
Leather made from sheep-skin and tanned using the bark of an oak or larch. Possibly named after Bazan in Spain. It was inferior to cordwain, although unscrupulous cordwainers might sometimes try to pass off basan for cordwain; there was a separate branch of leatherworkers using basan.

"saffron"
Used to produce a yellow dye; it was both grown domestically and imported. The imported version, the most expensive of the spices, was also used for colouring and flavouring foods.

"No customs"
The items from which no customs were due are referred to elsewhere as merchandize brought by German merchants, and presumably relates to exemptions from customs the Hanse towns had acquired from the king . Evidently they were only exempt from custom if sold on the quayside.

"verdigris"
The meaning of the term in the original, argoil, is uncertain. Riley believed it meant cream of tartar (used in dyeing), but noted that others had interpreted it as potters clay (Fr. argile). Archil (Lat. arguella), a violet dye obtained from a lichen, is a further possibility. However, given the contextualization of the term at London in association with copper and at Ipswich in association with copperas, I favour the translation of verdigris (Lat. argelzarus), a green or blue compound involving copper that is today used as a paint pigment and was used in the cloth-dyeing process in the Middle Ages.

"grey-work"
A type of fur.

"stallage"
Stallage was a fee for the right to set up a stall from which to sell goods. Traders in small quantities of goods might not bother with a stall, or might carry the goods around the streets, like pedlars. Therefore it was considered that unloading of poultry from the horse's back, to display them on the ground, was tantamount to selling from a fixed place and ought to be subject to the equivalent of stallage.

"Walbrook" "West Cheap"
The Walbrook was a stream running between the Thames and the northern stretch of wall, dividing the city into eastern and western halves, each half having its own market – the former one (East Cheap) serving particularly goods brought by the Thames, the latter (West Cheap) more for land-transported goods. The reference here seems to indicate the the toll was applicable only to West Cheap.

"foreign"
In this context, foreign means someone not a freeman of the city.

"Holborn or the Fleet"
The names refer to streets that crossed the River Fleet (ran into the Thames just west of the walled precinct); Fleet street entered the city at Ludgate, and Holborn at Newgate. These were the two western entrances into the city.

"Bromley or Stepney"
Stepney is on the Thames, just east of the city, of which it was considered a suburb. There is a Bromley a few miles south of London, although Riley thought the reference was to an Essex location. Why these two places were treated differently from others, I do not know.

"laths"
A thin plank used for walls and ceilings in house construction.

"Aldersgate"
The original is Allgate. Aldersgate being on the same side of the city as the Fleet and Holborn, Riley preferred this interpretation to Aldgate (which was on the east side of the city).

"buried"
The only official Jewish cemetery in England was in London (although other cities with large Jewish communities did develop cemeteries locally); this toll was likely not on the burial itself, but on carts bringing corpses into the city.

"St. Albans"
St. Albans is well to the north of London. It is interesting that a commodity as common and as perishable as bread might be brought from so far away.

"Smithfield"
(West) Smithfield was the extensive site of the livestock markets, in the northwest suburb.

"Middlesex"
A county eliminated in the late 20th century, it was under the jurisdiction of the London authorities.

"scavage"
A fee/toll paid for the official inspection of goods brought into the city for sale.

"Hokeday"
Hokeday is heard of from the twelfth century, in the context of a date on which an instalment of rent or other debt was due. Hocktide was a moveable feast, the precise dating of which remains uncertain: Hockdays occurred on the second, or possibly third, Monday and Tuesday following Easter. The festival of Hocktide became associated with a form of misrule involving pretend kidnappings and the ransoming of the victims, typically with women the perpetrators and men the victims on one day, and vice versa on the second; it has therefore often been interpreted as having a status-reversal or transgressive function, and may have been a predominantly urban practice, though on the whole we know too little of its context to be sure. The practice was doubtless a nuisance to some, and disapproved of by the Church. It was banned at London in 1406 – this represents our earliest clear reference to the ritual, which, unlike Hokeday itself, may not have had any pedigree, although it perhaps represents a point where authorities felt the play-acting was getting out of hand. It was also banned at Worcester in 1450, but later made a temporary comeback in at least some towns, as a means of raising money for parish churches.

"the bridge"
This is of course London Bridge, the only medieval bridge linking the city with the southern shore of the Thames (there having been a ford and perhaps a bridge in the vicinity of London since before the Romans arrived, it crossing the river near the site of the present Vauxhall bridge, west of the site of the medieval city). The Thames bank on either side of the bridge held a concentration of wharfs and was effectively the city's port at that time. The bridge was a logical place to collect customs and may have been one location where fish were sold, although not the city's principal fishmarket.

"bulwarks"
Scaltres is the original term translated by Riley as bulwarks, which were the protective siding which extended above the upper deck of a ship; here the possession of bulwarks is apparently being used as a criterion for differentiating a larger from a smaller ship.

"strandage"
A fee for use of the beach (strand), in this case for anchorage (or stranding).

"bales"
Rings attached to a ship for tying ropes that supported other elements of the vessel.

"ling"
Riley suspected that ling (merling) might refer to whiting; Tingey followed this in his translation of the Norwich list of tolls. However, the term could have referred to various types of sea-fish.

"panniers"
Large baskets intended for carrying a volume of materials.

"tholes" "rowlocks"
Tholes were wooden pegs set in pairs into the gunwale on each side of a boat, to support oars. Oarlocks, or rowlocks, implied a larger boat.

"Oystergate"
One of the wharfs on the Thames.

"dorser"
A type of basket, of which one was slung over each side of a packhorse.

"Billingsgate"
Perhaps the second oldest of the London harbours, in use by late tenth century. At the time the tolls were recorded in the 1260s, it was not, however, London's fishmarket; it acquired a royal charter recognising market rights in 1327, but was a general market for water-borne goods, and was not exclusively a fishmarket until the post-medieval period.

"coombe"
Half a quarter.

"sea-coal"
So-called, despite being mined from the ground, either because it was usually transported by sea (notably from Newcastle) or perhaps due to the fact that it was first quarried from coastal outcroppings. The name was used to distinguish this mineral coal from charcoal, which was often referred to simply as coal.

"tun"
A cask holding the equivalent of 2 pipes (or 252 gallons).

"last"
A last was a weight or measure that varied according to the type of material. The term was applied to any pack of goods used to transport merchandize, on which the toll called lastage was levied. In the case of leather, it comprised two hundred hides. Regarding fish, it would probably have comprised several barrels worth; in the case of herring, possibly 12 barrels.

"dicker"
A measure of ten hides.

"nonpareil"
In this context may have meant pieces of leather of different (irregular) sizes.

"truss"
A bale, possibly containing roughly 50 hides.

"harpoys" "fyssheponde"
Harpoys, according to Riley, was a mixture of tallow, wax and tar, used to waterproof the exterior of ships; he was less certain about fyssheponde but suspected it to mean a container in which a catch was stored aboard fishing-vessels (i.e. fish-pound).

"store"
The item containing reference to a "store" (garner), since it does not specify what of, may relate to the preceding and succeeding clauses concerning nuts – unless perhaps the term connotes "storage" rather than "cargo". The term also appears in the Ipswich list of customs, applied to nuts and other victuals.

"Ryghholt"
Wood from Riga.

"litmus"
Used as a dyeing agent; it was made from lichens found principally along the Mediterranean coast.

"tureens, pipkins, patens"
A tureen was a large, deep vessel (for broth), whereas pipkins were small earthen pots. Patens were flat dishes.