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1. Bibliographies and reference tools

• Subject guide: urban history on British History Online
• WWW Virtual Library: Urban History
• Publications of Jeremy Haslam
  (Includes full texts of many of his papers on the archaeology and history of Anglo-Saxon towns and burhs)
• Fifteenth Century Life: An Annotated Bibliography
• Medieval Trade and Industry - General Bibliography
• Europe and the Environment in the Middle Ages Bibliography
• Guilds, Towns, and Women in the Late-Medieval European Economy: Readings
• The history of British and Irish towns
• Castles, town defences, and artillery fortifications in Britain and Ireland: a bibliography. Volume 2 1977-82

2. General urban history

• Urban history
  A brief introduction to the field of study (Page on society includes a very general introduction to distinguishing features of medieval European towns)
• The Medieval City
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Rise of Towns
• Growth of Towns
• The Rise of Europe in The High Middle Ages: Reactions to Urban Economic Modernity 1050 - 1300
• Medieval History Lecture Index: The Rise of Commerce and Towns
• Later Pre-Conquest Boroughs and their Defences
• World of Domesday: Life in towns and villages
• Domesday England Map of Towns
• The Middle Ages – Town Life
• Education Reference Desk’s Guide to Medieval Life: City Life
• Inside the walls: exploring towns in the Middle Ages
• Medieval Towns
• The Medieval English Borough
  (James Tait's landmark study of urban origins and constitutional development)
• Medieval England - daily life in medieval towns
• Town Life in the Fifteenth Century
  (Alice Green's dated but still readable synthesis)
• Town Life in Colchester, London, Sandwich and Coventry
• The rebirth of towns in the west AD 700-1050
• Extensive Urban Survey
  The history and historic remains of mostly small- and medium-sized towns, accompanied by plans
• The History of Parliament: Constituencies 1386-1421
  (the Members section is the single most important source of biographies of townsmen of the period)
• The Archaeology of Medieval Small Towns
• The Archaeological Study of Churches
  
• Historic Churches: A Wasting Asset
  (particularly the section "Churches in an Historic Town")
• The Erosion of History: Archaeology and Planning in Towns
• Recent Archaeological Research in English Towns
• The Plans and Topography of Medieval Towns in England and Wales
• British Historic Towns Atlas
• Mapping Medieval Townscapes:: a digital atlas of the new towns of Edward I
• John Speed maps: Town inserts
• City and town maps of England by John Speed
• John Speed proof maps
• Urban archaeology in Britain
• Morphological Regions in English Medieval Towns
• List of medieval Urban Defences in England
• Survey of English Place-names
• The Domesday Book Online
• Domesday Book and Beyond: Three Essays in the Early History of England
  (Maitland's classic study of English social structure and administration in the decades under the Norman-Angevin kings)
• The English Borough in the Twelfth Century
  (Adolphus Ballard's classic study)
• Borough Customs, volume 1
  (Bateson's classic study of medieval custumals; volume 2 also online)
• Bracton: On the Laws and Customs of England
  (although not strictly a source on urban history, much of what Bracton has to say is relevant to to judicial administration in English towns)
• Boroughs and Charters
• British Borough Charters 1042-1216
• British Borough Charters 1216-1307
• Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds
• Burgage Tenure in Mediaeval England
• Town Courts in Early Modern England and Wales
• Historical Records of Waites in England, Scotland & Wales

3. Urban economy and society

• The Law Merchant and the Fair Court of St. Ives, 1270-1324
• Gazetteer of markets and fairs in England and Wales to 1516
• Markets and fairs in Britain and Ireland before 1216
• Overland Trade Project
• The Wool Trade in English Medieval History
  (Eileen Power's lectures)
• The English Fur Trade in the Later Middle Ages
• Medieval Trade and Industry - Seminar reports
• The Medieval Trade of the Ports of the Wash
• Medieval Sourcebook: Coinage Regulations, c. 902-925
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Laws of London, 978
  (regulations concerning minting in towns)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Statuta de Mercatoribus (Statutes of Merchants), 11 Edw. I (1283) & 13 Edw. I (1285)
• The Gild Merchant
  (Charles Gross'classic study)
• The Rise of Capitalism, ca. 1300-1500: The Guild System
• How Medieval Towns Paved the Way for Capitalism
• Guilds and Commerce
• Medieval Guilds and Economics
  (several brief articles broadly relevant to aspects of borough economy)
• Medieval Guilds
• Guilds, Laws, and Markets for Manufactured Merchandise in Late-Medieval England
• A Tale of Two Theories: Monopolies and Craft Guilds in Medieval England and Modern Imagination
• Christianity and Craft Guilds in Late Medieval England
• Medieval Guilds and Craft Production
• The Symbiosis of Towns and Textiles: Urban Institutions and the Changing Fortunes of Cloth Manufacturing in the Low Countries and England, 1280 - 1570
• The 'Industrial Crisis' of the English Textile Towns, c.1290-c.1330
• Medieval Coal and Industry: Newcastle and the North East 1100AD - 1500AD
• Women in Medieval Guilds
• Women in Trade in the Middle Ages
• Medieval Domestic Life
  
(a large number of brief articles, many broadly relevant to aspects of borough society)
• Medieval English Town-House Plans
• Pilgrims Passing To and Fro: The Lives and Times of the Canterbury Tales Pilgrims
• The The Wife of Bath's Tale
• Tales of the Middle Ages: Inns and Taverns
• Medieval Occupations - Jobs in the Middle Ages
• Female Professions of Medieval Europe
• Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse: English gilds
  (Toulmin Smith's classic study of socio-religious gilds. Elsewhere available in PDF format)
• Jewish Communities of England and Wales prior to 1290
• Medieval Sourcebook: Concerning Loans From The Jews
• The Edict of Expulsion of 1290, expelling the Jews from England
• Spoilheap: Selected Themes in Archaeology
  (includes information on the medieval pottery industry and medieval burial practices)
• Hygiene in British Medieval Towns 1100-1500
• The Construction and History of Medieval Timber-framed Houses in England and Wales
• Medieval Sourcebook: Reginald of Durham: Life of St. Goderic [12th Cent]
• Medieval Sourcebook: Roger of Hoveden: The Persecution of Jews, 1189

4. Particular English towns

a) LONDON

• A New History of London Including Westminster and Southwark
• A Dictionary of London
• London: its origin and early development
• City of London - history and heritage
• City of London - Law and historic governance
• A Narrative History of London
• London Archaeologist
• Medieval London
• Museum of London Medieval Gallery
• Lord Mayors of London
• The Mayors and Sheriffs of London
• Chronicles of the Mayors and Sheriffs of London 1188-1274
• London assize of nuisance 1301-1431: A calendar
• The London eyre of 1244
• The London eyre of 1276
• Memorials of London and London Life in the 13th, 14th and 15th Centuries
  (Riley's florilegium drawing on the most colourful entries from the Letter-Books and other London records)
• Liber Albus: The White Book of the City of London
• City of London, Calendar of letter books
• City of London, Calendar of early mayor's court rolls, 1298-1307
• London Sheriffs Court Roll 1320
• City of London, Calendar of plea and memoranda rolls
• Historical Collections of a Citizen of London in the fifteenth century
• Historical Gazetteer of London before the Great Fire
• A Survey of London, by John Stow
• The Map of Early Modern London
• Medieval Architecture in London
• London Bridge, London, UK
• London Bridge: Selected Accounts and Rentals, 1381-1538
• London Bridge Virtual Tour
  (a virtual reality reconstruction of the bridge in the 1540s, requiring a plug-in)
• The early port of Medieval London
• Medieval Sourcebook: Leges Edwardis Confessoris: The Liberties of London, c. 1120
• Medieval Sourcebook: Grant of Tax Liberties to London, 1133
• Two Early London Subsidy Rolls
• The London lay subsidy of 1332
• Medieval Sourcebook: List of Tolls Exacted at Billingsgate, c.978-1016
• Medieval Sourcebook: Grants of Privileges at London to the Hanse of Cologne, 1157-1194
• Medieval Sourcebook: Grant of a New Fair at Westminster, 1248
• Medieval Merchants etc. in (mainly) London
• The overseas trade of London: exchequer customs accounts 1480-1
• Medieval London Guilds
• City livery companies
• Medieval Sourcebook: Grant to London Abolishing the Weavers' Gild, 1202
• Ordinances of the Cordwainers, 1272
• Renewed Ordinances for the Cordwainers of the city of London, 1303
• Articles of the Cordwainers, 1375
• An anthology of Chancery English: Petition of the Mercers of London
• Memorials of the Guild of Merchant Taylors
• The Worshipful Company of Weavers - History
• The Worshipful Company of Bakers - A Brief History
• Scriveners' company common paper 1357-1628
• Lease granted to Geoffrey Chaucer in 1374
• London Lickpenny
  (a satirical medieval poem about London)
• Middle English Complaint Liteature: London Lickpenny
• Calendar of wills proved and enrolled in the Court of Husting
• The church in London 1375-1392
• Medieval records of a London city church : churchwardens' accounts and memoranda
• Borough Market Privileges: the Hinterland of Medieval London, C.1400
• Feeding the City: Medieval London and its Agrarian Hinterland
• What's for Dinner? Dining Out in Medieval London

b) SOUTHERN AND WESTERN ENGLAND

• A History of the County of Surrey, Volume 4: The Borough of Southwark
• A History of the County of Surrey, Volume 3: The Borough of Guildford
• The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: The city and liberty of Rochester
• Dartford Town Archive: Medieval Period c.1000-1500
• A Brief History of Canterbury
• Hasted's History of Kent: the city of Canterbury
• The Canterbury Tour
• Historical Sites and Buildings of Canterbury
• Roman and Anglo-Saxon Canterbury Reconstructed
• Brief History and Introduction to the Cinque Ports
• Cinque Ports - 1155AD -1500AD
• Origins of the Cinque Ports and Dover
• The Ancient Cinque Port of Sandwich
• of Sandwich History: Introduction
• The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: The town and port of Sandwich
• Excavations on the Site of the Leper Hospital, New Romney
• History of Rye
• The Manuscripts of Rye and Hereford Corporations
• The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: The town and port of Dover
• The Rich History of Winchelsea
• The History of Dover
• The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: The town and parish of Folkestone
• Hastings Town
• Faversham Charters
• A History of the County of Sussex, Volume 3: The City of Chichester
• A Brief History of Chichester
• A History of the County of Sussex, Volume 7: The borough of Lewes
• Lewes Historic Character Assessment Report
• A History of the County of Sussex, Volume 6: Horsham
• A History of the County of Sussex, Volume 5: Arundel
• A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 3: The borough of Windsor
• A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 3: The borough of Reading
• Abingdon: Ancient Abbey shapes a Town
• A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 3: The borough of Wallingford
• A History of the County of Buckingham, Volume 3: The borough of Buckingham
• A History of the County of Buckingham, Volume 3: The borough of Aylesbury
• The Six New Towns of the Bishops of Winchester, 1200-55
• A Brief History of Winchester
• A History of the County of Hampshire, Volume 5: Winchester
• Historic Winchester
• City government of Winchester
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Law of the Fullers & Weavers of Winchester, 1209
• The Council, Siege and Rout of Winchester
• Saxon Southampton; a New Review
• A History of the County of Hampshire, Volume 3: The borough of Southampton
• A Brief History of Southampton
• Sotonopedia: The A-Z of Southampton's History
• The Manuscripts of the Corporations of Southampton and Kings Lynn
• Medieval Sourcebook: Southampton Guild Organization, 14th Century
• An anthology of Chancery English: Petition of the Mayor and Citizens of Southampton
• A Brief History of Poole
• Medieval Basingstoke
• A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 6: Wilton
• Abandoned Communities ... Old Sarum
• Salisbury - The Cathedral City
• A Brief History of Salisbury
• A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 6: Old and New Salisbury
• Medieval Sourcebook: Documents of the Church of Salisbury in the Early 13th Century
• A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 8: Warminster
• A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 10: Devizes
• A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 17: Calne
• History of Marlborough through the Ages
• Bath Past
  (A collection of articles, many on medieval Bath)
• A Brief History of Yeovil
• The A-to-Z of Yeovil's History
• A Brief History of Bridgwater
• A History of the County of Somerset, Volume 6. Bridgwater
• Bridgwater Heritage
• A Brief History of Shaftesbury
• A Brief History of Dorchester
• Report On the Records of the City of Exeter
• A Brief History of Exeter
• Exeter City Time Trail: Exploring Exeter through the ages
• The Medieval Jews of Exeter
• Gild of the Cordwainers, Exeter, 1481
• Dartmouth before 1860
• Bristol: Historical Perspective
• A Brief History of Bristol
• Bristol Past
• The Sieges of Bristol and Bath from the Gesta Stephani
• The Widening Gate: Bristol and the Atlantic Economy, 1450-1700
• An anthology of Chancery English: Bristol Deposition
• Bristol Town Duties

c) EASTERN ENGLAND

• The Churches of East Anglia
• Archaeology in Essex to AD 1500
• Historical Norwich
• A brief history of the City of Norwich
• A Brief History of Norwich
• Norwich, the Old City: A History of Norwich
• Blomefield's History of the City and County of Norwich
• How the City of Norwich Grew into Shape
• Norfolk Heritage Explorer: Norwich (Medieval Period)
• George Plunkett's Photographs of Old Norwich
• The Foundation of Norwich Cathedral
  (includes maps of Saxon and Norman Norwich)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Thomas of Monmouth: The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich, 1173
• The Catholic Encyclopedia: St. William of Norwich
• The Great Hospital Online
• The Late Saxon Town of Thetford
• Blomefield's History of the County of Norfolk: Thetford
• Blomefield's History of the County of Norfolk: Great Yarmouth
• Great Yarmouth History
• Great Yarmouth History (Crisp)
• Yarmouth Archaeology, 1990: Before the Walls
• Great Yarmouth Archaeological Map
• Palmer's Perlustration of Great Yarmouth
• Palmer's Perlustration of Great Yarmouth
  (chapters 2 and 9 only)
• A Brief History of Kings Lynn
• Blomefield's History of the County of Norfolk: Lynn
• The Manuscripts of the Corporations of Southampton and Kings Lynn
• The Merchants' Houses and Warehouses of King's Lynn
• History of the Waites of Lynn
• Margery Kempe (b. 1373 - d. 1438)
  (resident of medieval Lynn)
• The Mysticism and Madness of Margery Kempe
• Excerpts from The Book of Margery Kempe
• Mapping Margery Kempe: A Guide to Late Medieval and Spiritual Life
• A Short History of Ipswich
• Abandoned Communities ... Dunwich
• Medieval Sourcebook: Charter of Privileges Granted to Men of Dunwich, 1200
• A Short History of Clare, Suffolk
• The St.Edmundsbury Chronicle
• A Brief History of Bury St. Edmunds
• Moyses Hall Museum: History of the Building
• Medieval Sourcebook: A Dispute Over the Exaction of Taxes at Bury St. Edmunds, 1198
• Manuscripts of Lincoln, Bury St. Edmunds
• The Abbey Church of St. Edmund, Bury St. Edmunds
• A Brief History of Chelmsford
• A Brief History of Colchester
• A History of the County of Essex, Volume 9: The Borough of Colchester
• Aspects of Anglo-Saxon and Norman Colchester
• Colchester's Town Wall
• History of Maldon
• Maeldune: Light on Maldon's Distant Past
• The Maldon Burh Jigsaw
• Cambridge History
• A Brief History of Cambridge
• Township and Borough
  (Maitland's lectures focus on Cambridge)
• Medieval Sourcebook: Charter Granted to the Citizens of Cambridge, 1201
• A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely, Volume 4. City of Ely
• The History of Huntingdon 1000 to 1599
• A History of the County of Huntingdonshire, Volume 2: The borough of Huntingdon

d) CENTRAL ENGLAND (including the Welsh Marches)

• Medieval Gloucester, pt.1
• Medieval Gloucester, pt.2
• A History of the County of Gloucester, Volume 4: The City of Gloucester
• A Brief History of Gloucester
• Gloucester: History and Heritage
• A History of the County of Gloucester, Volume 8: The borough of Tewkesbury
• A Brief History of Cirencester
• Medieval Cirencester
• A History of the County of Worcester, Volume 4: The city of Worcester
• A Brief History of Worcester
• A History of the County of Worcester, Volume 3: The borough of Droitwich
• A Brief History of Lichfield
• A History of the County of Stafford, Volume 14: City of Lichfield
• A History of the County of Staffordshire, Volume 9: Burton-upon-Trent
• A History of the County of Staffordshire, Volume 17: Walsall
• Herefordshire Through Time, The Medieval Period: Towns
• A Brief History of Hereford
• Hereford City excavations on and close to the defences
• The Jewish Community in Hereford, up to 1290
• The Manuscripts of Rye and Hereford Corporations
• A Brief History of Market Drayton
• A History of the County of Shropshire, Volume 10: The Liberty and Borough of Wenlock
• Medieval Life in Much Wenlock
• History of Shrewsbury
• Manuscripts of Shrewsbury and Coventry Corporations
• Town-plan analysis and the limits of inference: the cases of Bridgnorth and Ludlow, Shropshire
• A Short History of Reading
• A Brief History of Oxford
• Medieval Oxford
• Notes on the History of Mediaeval Oxford
• A History of the County of Oxford, Volume 4, The City of Oxford
• The Ford, The River and The City
• Oxford’s medieval wall
• The Mayors of Oxford
• An anthology of Chancery English: Petition of the Weavers of Oxford
• Medieval Sourcebook: Grant of a Gild to the Oxford Cordwainers, 1175
• An anthology of Chancery English: Petition of the Citizens of Oxford>
• A Brief History of Wallingford
• Wallingford History
• Wallingford History Gateway
• A History of the County of Oxford, Volume 12: Woodstock
• A History of the County of Hertford, Volume 3: The borough of Hertford
• A History of the County of Hertford, Volume 3: The city of St Albans
• A History of the County of Bedford, Volume 3: The borough of Bedford
• The Origin and Plan of Bedford
• Medieval Dunstable
• The St. Albans Archaeology and History Site
• General History of Rugby
• A History of Banbury
• A History of the County of Warwick, Volume 8: The City of Coventry and Borough of Warwick
• Manuscripts of Shrewsbury and Coventry Corporations
• A History of the County of Warwick, Volume 7: The City of Birmingham
• Historic Coventry
• History of Kenilworth Castle
• A Brief History of Northampton
• Northampton Castle history
• Wolverhampton 985-1985
• A note on the wool trade in Wolverhampton
• A History of the County of Leicester, Volume 4: The City of Leicester
• BB C Online - Around Leicester - History
• Medieval Leicester
• A Brief History of Leicester
• The Austin Friars, Leicester
• Pre-Conquest Nottingham
• A Brief History of Nottingham
• An Itinerary of Nottingham
• Nottingham Before 1500
• Nottingham Borough Court Rolls 1303-1457
• Brown's History of Nottinghamshire: Nottingham
• Thoroton's History of Nottinghamshire: Volume 2: Nottingham
• Brown's History of Nottinghamshire: Newark
• Brown's History of Nottinghamshire: Retford
• Piercy's History of Retford
• A Brief History of Derby
• A Brief History of Lincoln
• Manuscripts of Lincoln, Bury St. Edmunds
• A Brief History of Boston
• Boston
• Stamford: The Development of an Anglo-Scandinavian Borough
• The verdict of those of greater standing of the town of Stamford in Kesteven in the third year of the reign of King Edward

e) NORTHERN ENGLAND

• Mapping Medieval Chester: place and identity in an English borderland city c.1200-1500
• Chester Entry in the Domesday Book
• A History of the County of Chester, Volume 5: The City of Chester
• Discover Medieval Chester
• Chester: A Virtual Stroll Round the Walls
• Chester Heritage Trails
• Chester: Water Tower
• Chester's Mayors and Sheriffs 1238 - 2009
• Manchester History
• A History of the County of Lancashire, Volume 4: Liverpool
• Medieval Towns of the North East, 1100AD-1500AD
• A History of the County of Yorkshire: the City of York
• Origins of York
• Medieval York
• A Short History of York
• History of York
• A History of York from Baine's Gazetteer (1823)
• Life in a medieval city, illustrated by York in the XV century
• Jorvik
• Viking Age York and the North
• Economic Aspects of Anglo-Danish York
• York City Walls Trail
• Walking Tour of York City Walls
• Medieval Sourcebook: Ephraim of Bonn: The York Massacre 1189-90
• The history of The Shambles, York
• The Bridges of York
• York Bridgemasters' Accounts
• The Medieval Carmelite Priory at York: A chronology
• Barley Hall (York)
• York Mystery Plays
• York Mystery Plays
• The Celebration of the Corpus Christi Festival in York
• Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse: The York plays
• York PSim (Pageant Simulator)
  (a fascinating map-based simulation of the progress of the pageant wagons through the streets of York.)
• The York Cycle
  (theme volume of Early Theatre)
• York Guilds and the Corpus Christi Plays: Unwilling Participants?
• History of the Guilds in York
• The Merchant Adventurers Hall, York
• Register of the Freemen of the City of York: Vol. 1 1272-1558
• A Brief History of Beverley
• A History of the County of York East Riding, Volume 6. The borough and liberties of Beverley
• Medieval Sourcebook: Charter Granted to Men of Beverley, 1130
• A History of the County of Lancaster, Volume 8: Lancaster
• City of Durham History
• A History of the County of Durham, Volume 3: The City of Durham
• A Short History of Durham
• Bishop Auckland
• History of Bishop Auckland
• A Brief History of Kingston Upon Hull
• History of Ravenser Odd
• A brief history of Richmond
• Newcastle upon Tyne History
• A Brief History of Newcastle Upon Tyne
• Historical Account of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Including the Borough of Gateshead
• History of Newcastle's Mayors
• A Short History of Gateshead
• Scarborough History
• Berwick upon Tweed, Northumberland
• Congleton Borough Charters

5. Selected sites related to medieval cities outside of England

• Historic Cities: Maps and Documents
• Feeding Medieval European Cities, 600-1500
• The foundation, planning and building of new towns in the 13th and 14th centuries in Europe
• Medieval Urban Planning: The Monastery and Beyond
  (pdf extracts from a book ed. Mickey Abel 2017)
• Cardiff Records
• Place and Perspective in Medieval Swansea
• Kidwelly History
• Medieval Newport
• Newport's Medieval Ship
• Newport Medieval Ship
• What we are learning about the Newport Medieval Ship
• Records of the Burgh of Edinburgh
• Charters and Documents Relating To the City of Glasgow 1175-1649
• Medieval City of Cork
• Cork Urban Archaeology Survey
• Short History of Fethard
• Medieval Sourcebook: The Garment Cutters of Stendal: Guild Law Revision, 1231
• Medieval Sourcebook: Lübeck and Hamburg Treaty, 1241
• L'enfance au Moyen Âge: La ville
• Bastides: villes neuves medievales de la France
• Tales from Froissart: Urban Unrest
• Le Quercy médiéval
• Avignon city walls
• La Cité de Carcassonne
• Saint-Denis, a town in the Middle Ages
• Monetary Policies, Guild Labour-Strife, and Compulsory Arbitration during the Decline of the Late-Medieval Flemish Cloth Industry, 1390-1435
• The towns of Italy in the later middle ages
• La città medievale italiana
• L'ascesa della borghesia nell'Italia comunale
• La società urbana nell'Italia comunale (secoli XI-XIV)
• Medieval and Renaissance City
• The Statutes of the Commune of Bugelle (Biella) and the Documents Which Have Been Added
• Giovanni Villani: Florentine Chronicle
• Florentine Renaissance Resources: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532
• Florentine Renaissance Resources: Online Catasto of 1427
• Medieval Sourcebook: Bartolo of Sassoferrato, Treatise on City Government, c. 1330
• Francesco Datini, merchant of Prato
• The Norman Plan of Constantinople and the Fourth Crusade
• Plague and Public Health in Renaissance Europe

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Created: August 29, 1998. Last update: September 29, 2020

© Stephen Alsford, 1998-2020